Due to interfacial tension (IFT), a fluid experiences a force of pressure known as "Capillary Pressure" through the narrow capillaries of a porous medium and rises up or down from the free fluid level. In Figure-1, the left side of figure shows water rising above the Free Water Level (FWL) differently in capillary tubes of different diameters, whereas the right side of the figure shows the same phenomena in a porous medium with different pore sizes.
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| Figure-1 |
Capillary Pressure is often observed in oil-water hydrocarbon system with a varied thickness of a "Transition Zone". In some situations, the entire reserve may be within the "Transition Zone".
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